(3 credit hours) This course studies the virtue/obligation of calling to Allah, as well as the means, manners, and methods used to invite to the way of Allah based on the Qur’an and Sunnah. Particular attention is paid to dawah methodology in the West.

• PowerPoint Presentations at student libray.
• Audio/video lectures of the instructor  at student libray.
• Muhammad S. Al-Awwa, Punishment in Islamic Law: A Comparative Study, American Trust Publications, Indianapolis.
• Muhammad ‘Ata Alsid Sidahmad, Islamic Criminal Law: the Hudud, printed by Eagle Trading Sdn. Bhd., Petaling Jaya.
• Abdul Qadir `Oudah, Criminal Law of Islam, 4 vols., Kitabhaven, New Delhi, India.

I. Islamic Concepts of Crimes and Punishments
- Islamic Concept of Crime
- Causes of Crime
- Islamic Concept of Punishment
- Object of Punishment
- Main Characteristics of Punishment Prescribed in Islam
- Baseless Criticism of the Penal Laws of Islam

II. Islamic Law of Shahadah (Testimony and Evidence)
- Law of Evidence in Criminal Cases
- Duty of Witnesses
- Testimony in Cases of Zina (adultery and fornication)
- Testimony in Other Criminal Cases
- Testimony and Women
- Testimony of Non-Muslims
- Circumstantial Evidence

III. Crimes and Punishments in Islam
- Crimes in Islam
- Fixed Punishments or Hudud
- Qisas (Retaliation)
- Ta`zir (Discretionary Punishment)

IV. Adultery
- The Difference between Adultery and Fornication
- Punishment of Adultery
- The State of Marriage Leading to Rajm (stoning to death)
- Stoning a Non-Muslim to death in case of adultery
- Mode of evidence
- Mode of execution
- Sodomy and it’s punishment

V. Fornication
- The Distinction between married (Musan) and unmarried (Ghayr Muhsan)
- Punishment
- Mode of evidence
- Mode of execution

VI. False Accusation (Qadhf)
- Definition and concept
- Cases which constitute Qadhf
- Punishment
- Mode of evidence
- Mode of execution
- The effect of the criminal’s repentance

VII. Apostasy (Riddah)
- Definition and Concept
- Apostasy in the Qur’an and the Sunnah
- Distinction between the territory of Apostates and the territory of ordinary Non-Muslims
- Punishment
- Mode of evidence
- Mode of execution
- A view concerning Apostasy

VIII. Drinking Khamr (Intoxicants)
- Definition and Concept
- Individual juristic views
- Punishment
- Mode of evidence
- Mode of execution

IX. Theft (Sariqah)
- Definition and Concept
- Elements required for constituting theft
- Punishment
- Cases in which no amputation is to be incurred
- Mode of evidence
- Mode of execution

X. Armed or Highway Robbery (Hirabah or Qat` at-Tariq)
- Definition and Concept
- Punishment
- Mode of execution
- Baghy (rebellion)
- Punishment of Baghy

XI. Retaliation (Qisas)
- Definition and Concept
- Historical background
- Retaliation affecting life - murder
- Kinds of homicide
- Retaliation short of life
- Disputed points concerning infliction of Qisas
- A survey of Qisas, Kaffarah (Expiation), and Diyah (Price of Blood)

XII. Discretionary Punishment (Ta`zir)
- Ta`zir as part of the Islamic penal system
- Ta`zir in the light of the Qur’an and the Sunnah
- Kinds of Ta`zir punishment
1. Admonition
2. Reprimand
3. Threat
4. Boycott
5. Public disclosure
6. Fines and seizure of property
7. Imprisonment
8. Flogging
9. The death penalty
- Some Ta`zir Offences